Major Changes Coming to SNAP and Medicaid Under H.R. 1

H.R. 1, commonly referred to as, the “Big, Beautiful Bill,” makes significant changes to both the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Medicaid. Understanding these updates is important as they reshape eligibility requirements and state responsibilities.

SNAP Changes   

Work requirements now apply to certain recipients, including veterans, former foster youth, individuals experiencing homelessness, parents with children over age 14, and adults ages 55–64 without dependents.

Why does this matter?   

Healthy brains require proper nourishment, and understanding SNAP eligibility is key to good health. Food insecurity is a real challenge across the United States, and Illinois is not exempt.  Across our state, one in eight people faces hunger, as does one in six children.  

We covered this story last year. Read more.   

More eligibility information is available through the USDA Food and Nutrition Service.  

Medicaid Changes    

Medicaid is the joint federal and state program that provides free or low-cost health coverage to one in five people in Illinois. Medicaid is the largest provider of mental and behavioral health coverage in the country.  

What's actually changing with the program?   

After October 1, 2026, certain populations currently eligible for Medicaid (including refugees, asylees without a green card and others) may no longer qualify. Starting in 2027, adults aged 19-64 are required to work, volunteer or participate in job training for at least 80 hours a month, much like the SNAP changes.

States must also conduct eligibility checks every six months and face new limits on providing retroactive coverage, or coverage that pays previous medical bills, for care received before enrollment. These changes increase administrative requirements and may affect continuity of coverage for some individuals.  

The Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services is actively working to ensure that eligible Illinois residents will continue to receive and maintain the coverage and benefits they are qualified for. Read more at their site.

What is MHAI doing to help?  

With over 40 partner organizations in the Mental Health Summit, we regularly track and debate legislation under consideration by the Illinois General Assembly. We testify before legislative committees, work with legislators to craft and refine legislation, and educate communities to ensure Medicaid delivers optimal care for people living with mental health conditions.